Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World

1: Describe the key characteristics of a stakeholder and determine all the stakeholders within the PharmaCARE scenario.

Stakeholders of a typical organization might include employees, customers, investors, suppliers, and managers (Phillips, 2003). There are several characteristics of a stakeholder of a company, among which include the following. First is that a stakeholder characteristic of a stakeholder is that he/she in one way or the other funds the organization through investing in it. He/she is thus affected by the outcomes or results of the company’s progress or the success or failures of the organization’s projects. Another key characteristic of a stakeholder is that he/she is in the company’s chain of accountability. Decisions made by the company’s officials may affect them directly or indirectly (Phillips, 2003). He/she is also responsible for the company’s good name. He/she is thus responsible for maintaining the company’s good reputation. Among the stakeholders of the PharmaCARE are the CEO, rest of the PharmaCARE’s executives and its Shareholders/stockholders of the enterprise. Others include the healers of the company in Colberia, the Colberians that work for PharmaCARE, the state government of New Jersey, the US Federal government and the communities affected by the lobbying of PharmaCARE.

The following is a justification of why some of the agencies or groups are considered stakeholders of PharmaCARE. One example is the state government in New Jersey. This is a stakeholder since its interested with PharmaCARE describing the state laws are regulations that PharmaCARE is required to comply with, e.g. paying taxes. Similarly, the federal government relates in the same way with PharmaCARE.The healers in Colberia can be considered close stakeholders with PharmaCARE since the facility obtains local remedies from them and possibly markets them. PharmaCARE has also been involved actively in lobbying against many environmental laws. This action has in many ways adversely affected the environment of the United States. It is from this perspective that every citizen of the United States and the federal government of the US become stakeholders of PharmaCARE (Phillips, 2003).

Q2: Analyze the human rights issues presented by PharmaCARE’s treatment of the Colberia’s indigenous population versus that of its executives. Recommend at least three (3) changes PharmaCARE can make to be more ethical going forward.

Various human rights issues arise as regards the running of corporations in the world. It has been determined that many corporations today are expanding their business enterprises. However, they are doing so by erecting branches at less regulated poorer countries where they have the power and audacity of violating human rights in many ways such as polluting the environment through harmful emissions and cutting down trees (Ingulli, 2010). To aggravate the situation, they do so with the cooperation of that countries government, by bribing the top officials. In any case, these corporations’ branches are set up businesses places where the local indigenous people are poor and living in less than standard conditions. The corporations will thus earn labor from less resistance indigenous people who they pay meager wages, another violation of human rights.

An assessment of PharmaCARE case shows prudently that the human rights of the people of Colberia’s have been violated, as regards the United Nations stipulation. This UN disclaimer applied, in this case, says that Transnational Corporations, as well as business Enterprises, have a general obligation to the indigenous people of Colberia. Along with it is the right to equal opportunity and non-discriminatory treatment of the local people (Brenker, 2010). In black and white, it’s evident that PharmaCARE has exploited the people of Colberia in the bid to further its own agenda. For instance, they have taken advantage of the local healers who have been lured into sharing their knowledge about indigenous cures just for free. In another dimension, the workers are reported to be paid meager wages ($1 per day), which make them live in substandard conditions as compared to PharmCARE staff who live lavishly at the expense of local people. These poor people reside in huts which have neither electricity nor clean water. Conversely, their ‘employers’ the executives of PharmaCARE, are living luxuriously in compounds which have access to all essential amenities requires to live a good life and added prestigious amenities such as swimming pools, golf course, and tennis courts (Cory, 2001).

Going forward, I would recommend that PharmaCARE provides transportation means for the benefit of workers. These transportation means will help workers who live far from the premises and also aid in bringing harvested goods from the jungle to the processing area of the organization. That will increase efficiency and remove the burden and tire/exhaustion of employees. Secondly, I recommend that PharmaCARE increases the wages workers. Rather than a dollar per day, it’s ethical that they pay them the same amount hourly. That will help them better their living standards. Lastly, I would recommend that PharmCARE involves itself with corporate social responsibility. For instance, they could reinvest a little of their profits in enhancing Colberia’s current infrastructure. They could also create housing for the workers within the manufacturing plant to better their lives as some may never be able to erect better housing (Brenker, 2010).

Q3: Assess PharmCARE’s environmental initiative against the backdrop of its anti-environmental lobbying efforts and Colberian activities. Support the position

PharmaCARE instigated an initiative by the name We CARE about YOUR world®. This initiative pledges PharmaCARE commitment to the environment but ironically, the company’s lobbying efforts have successfully demeaned the environmental laws and regulations and that of the Superfund tax by CERCLA (Ingulli, 2010). This law imposed heavy taxes and fines on chemical and petroleum firms particularly those that release hazardous substances that jeopardize people and environmental health (Cory, 2001)Apparently, the activities of PharmaCARE in Colberia are seen to contradict their initiative staunchly. We CARE about YOUR world®. Obviously, the company does not care about Colberia and its people. The company distorts the previously fresh environmental and deplorably treats Colberian people. As a matter of fact, PharmaCARE has done nothing good for the benefit of the indigenous people. It has taken advantage of them without caring.

Q4: Decide whether or not PharmaCARE’s actions with respect to the indigenous people of Colberia would be ethical in accordance with each of the following ethical theories:

Utilitarianism
As defined by Shapiro (2011) as a normative ethical theory that distinguishes the right from the wrong solely by judging from the outcomes (consequences). Under this theory, PharmCARE’s activities are not ethical. If so, PharmaCARE actions would have caused happiness to the local people. However, dread is what Colberians suffer.

Deontology
This theory obligates people to do as it obligates them when faced with an ethical dilemma. As such, a person ought to follow his/her obligation to another individual as doing this is what is considered ethically correct (Rainbow, 2002). Following this theory, PharmaCARE actions to the Colberia’s indigenous people cannot be regarded as morally right. The company exploits the indigenous people by paying them meager wages making them lead substandard lives (Cory, 2001).

Virtue Ethics
Virtue ethics are those actions that one does for the good of another by following his/her instincts rather than laws, customs or culture. PharmaCARE officials are short of these virtues and as such, their actions are not ethically correct. Executives have no mercy to the poor people and does nothing keep them motivated for the job. They treat the employees like slaves. Lack of virtual ethics denies the company to be ranked an ethically run organization.

Ethics of care
Ethics of care requires that both parties in play gain something from common activities. However, PharmCARE takes advantage of everything to profit themselves (Brenker, 2010). Indigenous people sacrifice their efforts but end up on the losing side. They earn low wages, and their environment is destroyed (Cory, 2001).

My own moral/ethical compass

After examining the case, I am of the free opinion that PharmaCARE violates the civil rights of the people. They have taken the environment into their hands and made people their working objects. They have no respect for human life and expose them to danger through polluting the environment. They pay meager dues to these people just they are poor and have no power to demand fairness. PharmCARE has to reconsider their CRS status. The executives should understand that caring for the employees is for the best of it too. Employees are like engines of the company and motivating them is the same as re-energizing the engine which makes the vehicle move more swiftly to accomplish the desires of the owner (Brenker, 2010).

Q5: Compare PharmaCARE’s actions with those of at least one (1) real-world company, whose corporate activities led to ethical, environmental, or workplace safety issues and financial loss. Analyze the similarities and differences between PharmaCARE and the company that you chose.

The activities of PharmCARE are likened to those of British Petroleum Company BP sometimes back. British Petroleum was involved in a serious issue which involved spillage of over 30 gallons of crude oil, a situation that has come to be known as the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. In this case scenario, 11 lives were lost and some injured. The company had at the time not installed a back-up acoustic switch claiming that it was not cost-effective at the time. The oil spillage made the environment dangerous as people lived in fear of explosions. More so, the environment was polluted. Apparently, poor people had no means to pull out of the area, and BP did nothing about it. The same case applies to PharmaCARE scenario. They built a large manufacturing plant in Africa took away the land, polluted the environment and exploited the indigenous people just because they were poor, desperate and short of knowledge of their human rights. They work for a large company but under dangerous conditions. They work long hours yet receive unfair wages. They, however, are not aware of ways to demand their rights. Similarly, the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill led to the damage of countless miles of shoreline which made fishing impossible. Fish processors had to shut down meaning that the local people were left without means of securing the daily bread (Rainbow, 2002).

British Petroleum redesigned its corporate insignia of going green that suggested that “the company was looking past oil and gas toward an eco-friendly future of renewable energy.” That is just similar with what PharmaCARE initiated through erecting a logo which said “WE CARE about YOUR health®. These two logos of the two companies stated that they wanted to change and in future enjoy the reputation as caring, ethical and well-run companies through producing high-quality products that save lives and through environmental friendly ways (Ingulli, 2010). Comparing BP and PharmaCARE, it can be found that both ended up devolved into unethical practices. BP, for instance, failed to acquire equipment that would have doubled safety for the oil rig. Instead, BP officials claimed they did not need such equipment. They claimed that the cost of it was too much and following the fact that this was not a required by the government, they did not purchase it. The same case applies to PharmaCARE, which does not want to feel the cost of social responsibility. They use their large company status to acquire land in Africa to set up a plant at the expense of the little power of the indigenous people.

Pharmacists as Healthcare Educators: A Case Study in Namrole City

In Namrole City, pharmacists play a pivotal role beyond dispensing medications; they serve as healthcare educators, bridging the gap between medical professionals and the community. This case study explores how pharmacists in Namrole City have embraced their role as educators, contributing significantly to public health and well-being.

 

Pafikotanamrole are trained not only in medication management but also in providing essential health information to patients. This dual expertise enables them to educate the public on various health issues, preventive measures, and proper medication usage. Their accessibility and frequent interactions with patients make them valuable sources of healthcare information.

 

One of the primary responsibilities of pharmacists in Namrole City is to ensure patients understand their prescribed medications. They explain dosage instructions, potential side effects, and interactions with other drugs or foods. This proactive approach minimizes medication errors and improves adherence, ultimately enhancing treatment outcomes.

 

Moreover, pharmacists conduct health screenings and wellness checks, particularly for chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension. By monitoring key health metrics such as blood pressure and blood glucose levels, they empower patients to manage their conditions effectively. Through personalized counseling, pharmacists educate individuals on lifestyle modifications and the importance of regular health monitoring.

 

In addition to direct patient interactions, pharmacists collaborate closely with other healthcare providers in Namrole City. They participate in interdisciplinary teams to discuss patient care strategies, share insights on medication therapies, and contribute to treatment plans. This collaborative effort ensures holistic patient care and reinforces the pharmacist’s role as a vital member of the healthcare team.

 

Beyond individual patient care, pharmacists in Namrole City engage in community health initiatives. They organize health awareness campaigns, workshops, and seminars on topics such as immunizations, smoking cessation, and healthy aging. These initiatives aim to educate the broader community, promote preventive healthcare practices, and empower individuals to make informed health decisions.

 

The impact of pharmacists as healthcare educators in Namrole City extends beyond the clinical setting. Their proactive involvement in public health initiatives contributes to reducing healthcare disparities and improving overall community health outcomes. By fostering health literacy and promoting disease prevention, pharmacists play a crucial role in enhancing the well-being of Namrole City residents.

 

In conclusion, Pafikotanamrole exemplify the evolving role of healthcare professionals as educators. Through their comprehensive knowledge, patient-centered approach, and community engagement, they not only dispense medications but also educate and empower individuals to take charge of their health. This case study underscores the invaluable contribution of pharmacists in promoting health education and enhancing healthcare delivery in Namrole City.

RFID Technology in Library Management

Introduction
The proposed RFID technology in the library management involves the step by step implementation and development. The major operations and modules of the entire RFID system involve the iterative process that favors the quality and development of the desired system. The RFID technology in the library management is a dedicated system that requires development using the system development lifecycle approaches. The major areas and iterations within the development process involve the research design and the analysis procedures.

The Research World View
The RFID technology for the library management shall get implemented following the design science research methodology. The research shall incorporate the investigation of the artificial IT artifacts that intends to incorporate new ideas into the existing ideas (Singh, & Midha, 2008). The research shall compare and contrast different types of the design processes. The design procedures shall follow the specified objectives, aims, and goals as reflected in the literature reviews and the proposals. The research incorporates thorough investigation on:

Relevant artifacts like the constructs of the RFID applications technology in the library
The RFID models and structures implemented in the public and the institutionally based library systems,
The design science research shall also incorporate the findings concerning the implementation methods, instantiations as well as the combination of different modules of the RFID technology in the library.
The design science research shall give the evaluation and verification of the design artifacts to access the viability of the proposed project in solving the existing problems in the library systems (Singh, & Midha, 2008).

Research Design
The design research shall concentrate with the IT artifacts about the RFID technology implementation in the libraries. The research design shall deal with the construction of the library domain that includes the conceptualization of the end user specifications. The design shall focus on implementing a permanent solution to the existing problem within the scope and domain of the RFID technology in the library. The research design implements the science research design through designing the propositions and statements that explain the relationship between and among different constructs. The design process shall provide the step by step process to give the directives on the guidelines on algorithms applied in the development of the RFID systems. The research design takes into consideration the instantiation of the user interface design, the database design and the tools that address different aspects of designing information like the Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool. The deliverables in the design process shall include the use case diagrams, the data flow diagrams and the database relationship diagrams (Boucher, & Yalc?in, 2006).

Research Strategy
The design mentioned above process shall incorporate the implementation of the design science. The design strategy desires to generate new scholarly insight in the field of RFID technology. The strategy aims at ensuring that the development of the proposed RFID technology results to the quality system desired and specified by the end users. The research strategy shall apply two forms of research strategy namely the sequence of activities and the verification and evaluation of the created modules. The sequence of activities procedures shall incorporate the development of the innovative ideas and the creativity applied in the RFID library system. The evaluation and verification of the developed modules shall provide the feedback of the as well as generating new knowledge and progress of the problem under investigation (Boucher, & Yalc?in, 2006). The development strategies shall involve multiple iterations to ensure that the researcher gets satisfied in the process of researching and practicing. The research process shall take the principles of iterating the different modules and functionalities to facilitate production of the improved RFID system.

Proposed Method of Data Collection

The proposed methodology of data and information collection is specifically the qualitative research methodology. The methodology provides detailed information and data regarding the important benefits of implementing the RFID technology in the library services. The science research process has the clear presentation and provides fine preliminary analysis through collecting data and information based on case study. The case study approach of the data and information collection get considered best in the study involving social sciences. The case study strategy gives an in-depth investigation of the end users, the community, the groups and the events. The data and information get gathered from various sources through the use of observations, interviews, and the questionnaires. The analysis of the archived data and information shall get applied in the process of obtaining data and information for the primary and secondary comparison.

Unit of Analysis
The analysis process shall get based on the evolving research methods within a set of guidelines, principles and techniques within the research scope. The basic approaches and measures implemented in the process of data and information collections were involving the natural questions and answers sessions. The entire data and information analysis process shall involve the use grounded theory to determine the relationship and categories between and among the functionality modules. The unit of analysis techniques applied includes the theoretical sampling and the constant comparative methodologies (Boucher, & Yalc?in, 2006). The goal of the unit of analysis is the provision of the detailed theory that fits the real world as well as providing the empirical data that coincides with the end user specification and needs. The results of the analysis procedures shall get generalized based on the sampled individuals and groups. The outcome of the measured analyzed results will involve a substantial analysis and shall get involved in the development and implementation of the RFID library system.

Sample
The Parkland progressive public library is the proposed sample for implementing the research for the RFID technology in offering the library services. The library has well the elaborate history of using the different versions of the library technologies including the RFID technologies. The current library information system in the Parkland progressive public library implements RFID technology in active and real time basis (Bommel, 2005). The Parkland progressive public library is the most suitable sample for obtaining relevant qualitative data and information. The entire sampling process shall incorporate students and the general public who access the facilities and the services of the library. The parkland progressive public library is one of the civilized libraries in the world. The library gets specialized in the direct service delivery to the local students and the general public. The intended sample collection shall involve approximately 300 people selected randomly. The sampling shall also involve the library facilities that shall include 90 books picked randomly, 100 titles of periodicals selected from the existing inventory, the sample shall also include 50 maps and 100 microfilms and microfiches. The sampled objects and variables shall also include the 50 literature books selected from the catalog, 70 historical photos derived from the library archive as well as the 40 off prints selected from the browsed catalogs.

Proposed Method of Data Analysis
The collected data shall include the results of data and information obtained from the interviews, observations and the questionnaires. The interviewing process shall involve the application of the open – ended questions. The survey approach shall get involved to analyze the sampled data and information. The survey strategy shall use the special criteria to analyze the sampled information. The criteria shall involve setting up data and information in the archival form based on the user specifications; the problems got solved as well as the needs satisfaction (Chiang et al… 2009). The following categories of data shall get implemented in the process of data and information analysis.

The applications, implementation and usage of RFID technology in the library
The tangible and intangible cost of implementing, maintaining and installing the RFID technology
The security measures involved in the implementation of the RFID technology in library
The functionality guarantee on the counting and inventory maintenance using the RFID technology in library
The search and find procedures applied in accessing the facilities and services of the library system, for example, searching for books
Conclusion

The proposed RFID technology in the library management shall get implemented through following the suggested design for developing design according to the user specifications and needs. The design procedures shall follow the suggested design science research approaches to ensure that quality and the right RFID system get presented to the end users.