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UNIX Commands/ Oracle Performance monitor

Question1
Command System activity report (sar)

The sar command is defined to have the general task of collecting, reporting or rather saving the information resulted from the system activities. The sar command initiates the writing onto the standard data/ information output the selected information regarding a cumulative activity counter performed in the operating system. The command is applicable in the sense of displaying the reports according to the duration that the system takes in writing the information. In the accounting system, the values can be outlined in count and the interval parameters and in this case the system will write the information depending on the intervals in seconds’ time. When the interval parameter is set at zero, then the sar command will only display the average statistics for the duration from the time the system was started. On the other hand the system interval parameter is defined and specified in absence of a count parameter then the sar command will generate reports continuously. Sar command is used for real time monitoring of the linux system performance in statistics (Prasad, 2014. The sar command is also applicable in collecting and storing information upon analysis bottlenecks are easily identified (Nataraj, 2011).

The Unix “Who” command

The who command is very useful for the display and printing of the information that related to the end users of the systems that are currently logged in the system. The who commands is executed for a duration of approximately 5 minutes and in the displays it displays the following information. the list of the users logged in the system, the time of the last boot, a list of dead processes, the list of login processes, counting of the login names and generally displaying the information of the logged on end users. The purpose of the who command is to display the end users logged on the systems. if person bypasses the server you can use the command to determined the persons that logged on your server (Gite, 2014).

Question 2A
Cumulative statistics
The cumulative statistics is described under cumulative probability and the cumulative frequency as well. The cumulative frequency defines the number of observations made that lies either above or below the particular value defined in the data set. And it is achieved or rather calculated by the use of the frequency distribution table.teh cumulative frequency is the same as the cumulative percentages though the percentage is advantaged with the power of easily comparing the sets of data. The cumulative probability is described as the probability that describes the value within a random variable will tend to fall within a specified value range.

Database metrics
Database metrics describes the activities undertaken about monitoring the performance of the database. The performance metrics are applied in the assessment of the health of the enterprise database. The metrics can focus on eth business transactions, the query performance, user and query conflicts, the capacity, configuration and the NoSQL databases (Habib, 2015). At times, the metrics are defined as long-term o average and they include the throughput, execution time, the concurrency and utilization.

Question 2B
Automatic workload capture feature
The workloads capture module s quite applicable in the monitoring of the external users activities and related transactions. The feature facilitates monitoring by recording the entire requests made by the database external users to the Oracle database. Once the feature is enabled, all the request done by the external users are redirected and stored in the capture files and this will facilitate the tracking of the transaction done by the external users. The capture files stores the information of SQL text, the bind values and the transaction information (Oracle, n.d).

Automatic performance diagnostic feature
The feature is applied when a problem is felt to have occurred within the database and thus the necessity of performing accurate and timely diagnosis of the developed problem before any measure of making changes.Teh automatic database diagnostic monitor undertakes an analysis of a top down series with the prior identification of the symptoms and then refining the symptoms until the cause of the performance problem is determined.

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Current Event (Border Security, Immigration, or Intelligence)

Gap Still Left Unchecked In the US Border Security
The U.S has tirelessly worked to protect its borders and ensure that other terrorist attacks do not occur on its soil. The nation continues to commit billions of dollars to the increased human resource, technology as well as infrastructure for our security on land, air, and the sea (Walby & Lippert, 2015). Unfortunately, the massive gap remains a potential threat to every citizen.

Currently, thousands of packages from overseas enter the U S annually. Most of them range from large boxes to small later. They are usually gifts, online purchase, or business exchange. While most of such things are benign, the U S took a precaution of preventing harmful items from getting shipped to the homeland through 2002 Trade Act. Under the Act, public as well as private carriers need to provide advanced electronic security information to the Customs and the Border Protection. Conversely, despite this Act, every day millions of packages enter U.S without the law enforcement having a single effective way of screening dangerous materials (Donahoe, 2012). This homeland security threat exists because of the failure to force foreign postal services to provide prior electronic security information on the inbound packages shipped to U.S. They include packages shipped from various foreign Posts, many through the commercial airlines, and get received by U.S. Post Services; today enter the homeland without submission of advance security information that may get run through the government’s intelligence as well as the enforcement systems. Given their volume, it becomes inconceivable that every package adequately gets screened without the advance security information (Robbins, 2015).

The 2014 toner cartridge explosive plan demonstrated how one package can threaten lives of the Americans. If it were successful, the attack would have ended damaging U.S global supply system as well as the economic security. Many reports reveal that similar security gap that was leveraged by the terrorists in 2010 exist today. Recently U.S Inspector General discovered that U.S. Postal Services do not comply with laws. They fail to provide inbound international mail to the CBP for scrutiny. Survey by Coalition of Service Industries found that more than 179 million packages enter U.S. through foreign Posts but the U.S. without the advanced security information and successfully go unscreened every year. Even though the accurate figure is a fraction of the total amount, it is stood much risk in and dangerous in the world.

Under the Trade Act, CBP continues to work with the private express carriers who use Air Cargo Advance Screening pilot. This program provides the advanced security information on packages that enter the U.S. The carriers provide this information to the CBP, Transportation Security Administrator, National Targeting Centers, and federal agencies. Contrary, our U.S. Postal Service never does this. Why? The measures announced by the DHS, U.S. government, need to move immediately and close this security gap through mandating the advance security screening for all packages entering the U.S. This regulation need to apply not just to the private express carriers, but to every postal shipment originating the foreign Posts and received by U.S. Postal Services. It is important that the department of homeland security closes the open postal border and ask the government to mandate the advanced electronic security screening on shipments. Ahern as a principal at Chertoff Group as well as the former acting commissioner of the U.S. Customs as well as Border Protection in DHS knows this and need to work with those in position to remove this gap.

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UPSC NDA II EXAM ELIGIBILITY FOR PHYSICAL STANDARDS

UPSC NDA Exam II Eligibility for Physical Standards

In the competitive realm of the UPSC NDA Exam II, physical standards play a crucial role in determining the eligibility candidates. Understanding these standards and how they impact the selection process is vital for aspirants aiming to join the esteemed National Defence Academy. The Manasa Defence Academy is renowned for its exceptional training programs designed specifically for these examinations.. Let’s delve into the essential aspects of UPSC NDA Exam II physical standards the instruction offered by Manasa Defence Academy.

UPSC NDA Exam II Eligibility for Physical Standards

Candidates must meet the prescribed physical standards set by the UPSC for NDA Exam II.

These standards include criteria such as height, weight, chest measurements, and visual acuity.

Meeting these standards is imperative for candidates to proceed further in the selection process.

Manasa Defence Academy Providing the Best Training to Students

Manasa Defence Academy is renowned for its expert training in preparing candidates for the UPSC NDA Exam II.

The Academy focuses on honing the physical fitness of aspirants through rigorous training regimes.

Specialized courses are offered to help candidates meet and exceed the required physical standards.

Experienced trainers at Manasa Defence Academy guide students with personalized attention to ensure optimal performance.

The Academy’s holistic approach encompasses physical fitness, mental agility, and strategic preparation to enhance overall success rates.

Conclusion

Aspirants aiming to excel in the UPSC NDA Exam II must not overlook the significance of meeting the prescribed physical standards. With institutions like Manasa Defence Academy providing unparalleled training, candidates can boost their chances of success. By understanding and preparing for the physical requirements, candidates can stand out in the competitive landscape of defence examinations. Embrace the challenge, conquer the standards, and pave your way towards a promising future in the National Defence Academy.

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